Edge-finishing machine



11,464.504 J. FOSSA EDGE FINISHING MACHINE- Filed Jan. 21, 1922 2Sheets-Sheet 1 Aug. 141, 1923.

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- J. FOSSA 1 EDGE FINISHING MACHINE Filed Jan. 21, 1922 2 greets-Sheet 2I0 Fig: 6 Mg? 25 A M 75 i l i a of Massachusetts, have ii atented Aug.lid, l9

tater- JQSEJPH FOSSA, E DANVEBS,

a a; :flEBY ,COBIPOBATION, 0F

SACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOB T0 UNITED SHOE PATEBSON, NEW JERSEY, A CORPORATION0F EDGE-FINISHING MACHINE.

hppllcationfi led January 21, 1922. Serial No. 530,972.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it @own' that I, Josnru FOSSA, a citizen of the United States,residing at Danvers, in the county of Essex and State invented certainImprovements in Edge-Finishing Machines,

of which the following description, in connection with the accompanyingdrawings, is a specification, like reference characters on 10 thedrawings. indicating like parts in the (I several figures.

This inve' tion relates to finishing the edges of pieces of sheetmaterial such as leather parts of uppers of boots and shoes in-which ashrinklng agent such as heat is employed, a machine for accomplishingsuch finishing being shown in the patent to Halsey and Perkins No.1,195,574, the present application being a continuation so far as commonsubjectnratter is concerned of application Serial No. 355,609, filedFebruary 2, 1920, abandoned July ti, 1922.

In the patented machine the stock, which for brevity will be referred toas a piece of leather, is fed grain side downward over a table with themargin on the flesh s de subjected .progressivelyto the action of a hotsarin or shrinking tool, the result accomplishe being that the margin ofthe flesh side is shrunk and the margin of the in side curled toward theflesh side so that in the finished piece the edge presents a grainsurface instead of the flesh surface which resulted when the piece wasoriginally cut out of the skin. The patented machine and certain laterones of the same general type have proved satisfactory with many kindsof leather but w th certain kinds of leather, such for example as'comparatively thick cow-hide splits which are retractory, the amount ofcurl imparted to the grain side of the edge has been either Insufiicientor not mrmanent enough to resist suuent strain.

e i p of treatin parts of uppers of shoes in the manner of he patentedma at; es which will take th place of produce edg the usual foldededges. These edges are visible in the finished shoe, a familyiar examplebeing the edge of the tip wh ch extends across the 'toe of a shoe.Referring tn, to the tip by way of example, it s customary to fasten therear edge of the tip to the vamp by a row of stitches which is locatedas near as possible to the edge of the tip. These'stitches pull the tipdown tight- 1y upon the vamp. If the edge of the tip has not beensuficiently curled so as to present an edge which is all grain surface,of course a certain amount of flesh surface will still be visible afterthe stitching operation. And-even though the edge of the treated leatherbefore the stitching operation has been sufliciently curled so that theedge presents a surface which is all grain, it some-" times happens thatthe pull of the stitches straightens out the curl to a greater or lessdegree and thereby brings to view some of .the flesh surface. In eithercase the result in the finished shoe-is undesirable.

The general object of the invention is to increase the curl imparted tothe edge of the stock. In one aspect of the invention, after the marginof the stock has been shrunk on one side and the margin of theunshrunken side thereby caused to curl toward the shrunken side, thecurled edge is struck a blow or a succession of blows in a manner toincrease the curl thereof. In another aspect of the invention anupstanding fin is produced on the edge of the stpck, and then this finis bent over, toward. the shrunken side. Although the procedure may beractised by means of hand tools it will pre erably be carried outcommercially by a machine in which the work is fed over a support firstpast a hot tool which curls the-edge of the work and then past a hammerwhich strikes the curled edgein such manner as to increase the curlthereof.

' Referring now to the accompanying drawin s l is a front elevation of amachine for finishing the edge of apiece of leather;

Fig. 2 is an end elevation of the machine;

Fig. 3 is a perspective showing the upper and lower feed members and themeter in which they are mounted; 4

Fig. t is a .detail partly in section and partly in elevationv showing apiece of let leather in process of being operated upon;

Fig. 5 is a detail in perspective also showing the leather be' operatedupon; and

igs. 6 to 10 inc usive show rogres'slve etc 5 in the formation of thefinished edge.

fore proceeding to a detailed description of the machine a eneraldescription of its mode of operation will be -given. Referring first toFigures 4 and 5, the work is fed intermittently over a table 13 by anlatedbeing indicated at 27, and the dime.

upper feed member 15 and a lower feed member 17, the direction of feedmovement being away from the operator as viewed in F 1g. 4: and towardthe operator as viewed in Fig. 5. The leather piece rests with its grainside upon the table 13 and upon the lower feed member 17 with its ed ein engagement with and bent upward y by a plow or turnin post 19.Commonly the eather is skived on its flesh side although whether theleather is skived before being presented to the machine depends upon thenature of the leather. Soft leather of moderate thickness need not beskived, but thick leather or hard, refractory leather, such as cow-hidesplits, which is now much used, requires prior skiving in order tofacilitate the edge finishing operation.

Located opposlte the plow is a shrinking tool 21, this bein in theillustrated machine a U-shaped member of suitable metal, such forexample as the alloy known as inichrome, heated to the desiredtemperature by an electric current. The temperature of the tool may becontrolled, as will presently appear, and is varied according to the.

leather which is to be operated upon, but in any case is maintained at adegree high enough to scar and to shrink the leather on one side so thatthe unshrunken side will curl toward the shrunken side. The shrinkingtool is spaced slightly from the adjacent face of the plow, the width ofthis space being commonly only a few thousandths of an inch. In thisconnection it should be noted that Figs. a to 10 inclusive are all upona greatly exaggerated scale.

As the leather passes beneath the tool, it is scared and shrunk so thatthe grain side curls toward the flesh side, and during this action athin fin is forced up into the space between the tool 21 and the plow19. In

Fig. 6 a piece of leather 100 the flesh sideof which has been skived isshown lying flat in the position it occupies before it has beenpresented to the plow. As the leather piece is moved along, its edgepresently rides up on the curved front portion of the plow, and itsupper margin comes into contact with the lower face of the hot tool. Theshrinking and searing action'then begins with the result that a thinupstanding fin 23 is produced.

In order to bend this fin over toward or upon the shrunken flesh side ofthe leather while the fin is still more or less plastic from the heat, areciprocating member in the form of a hammer 25 is provided. This hammer(Fig. 5) is just in the rear of the plow and shrinking tool and strikesthe upstanding fin at an angle in such manner as to bend it inwardly. InFig. 8 the direction of movement of the hammer is shown, the pivot-aboutwhich the hammer is osciltion of movement of the hammer being indicatedby the arrow.

In Figs. 9 and 10 two possible results are shown. With certain kinds ofleather, the heat causes the treated surface of the leather to becomesticky so that the fin, when bent over and pressed upon the body of theleather adheres to it as shown in Fig. 9. With other kinds of leather nostickiness (or at least not suficient stichness) is caused to producethis result, and in such case the final position of the fin is about asshown in Fig. 10. In any case, however, the extreme edge of the leatheris bent over the shrunken side.

The illustrative machine comprises a hollow frame 29, which supports thework table 13, the upper and lower teed members 15, 17; and theiroperating parts, and an oyerhanging arm 30 which supports the shrinkingtool 21 and a presser 31. .The arm 30 is pivoted at 33 upon a standard35 and 1s provided at one end with a depending lug 37 through whichpasses a rod 39. One end of this rod has an eye to receive one end ot atension spring 41-, the other end of which is fastened to a stationaryhook 43. The other end of the rod 39 is threaded to receive a thumb-nut45. The arm 30 is thus spring-balanced and may be raised and lowered bymanipulating the nut 45. order that the arm 30 may be held with itstool-carrying end raised considerably from' the table when desired, alatch 47 pivoted to the arm has a shoulder 49 which, when the arm israised suficiently, engages a sta tionary pin 51. A second pin 53, whichis carried by the arm, serves merely to prevent the latch from beingaccidentally swung into a position in which it would not functionautomatically.

The searing or shrinking tool 21, as has been explained, consists of aill-shaped piece of metal. Its ends are adjust-ably fastened by clamps55 to the downwardly bent ends of copper rods 57. The horizontalportions of the copper rods pass through holes in a split fibre holder59 the lower half of which rests in a semi-cylindrical socket member 60formed as part of the overhanging arm 30. Set into the top of the upperhalf of the fibre holder is a rod 61 having a rounded top, and set intothe bottom of the lower half is a second rod 63, having a roundedbottom. A screw '65, passing through the upper rod and threaded into thelower one, causes the halves of the fibre holder 59 to hold the copperrods 57 firmly. The upper and the lower middle portions at its uppermiddle portion is a semi-cy- V of the fibre holder 59 are cutaway so asto 11% emme lindrical clamping member 67 which is fa's-. tened to thesemi-cylindrical socket member by screws 69. Beneath the head of eachscrew is a spring 71 so that by turning the screws more or less thefibre holder 59 may be gripped with more or less force as may bedesired. Threaded through ears formed on the clamping member 67 areadjusting screws 73. the ends of which contact with opposite flat sidesof the rod 61, so that, when one adjusting screw is withdrawn and theother advanced, the fibre holder 59 and with it the shrinking tool 21may be adjusted angularly. In order to adjust the fibre holder 59, andwith it the tool, to the right or left as viewed in Fig. 1. so as tovary the space between the shrra rs-5 tool and the plow, a groove is cutin the outer end of the rod 61 to receive a collar 75 which is fast toan adjusting screw 77, said screw being threaded through an ear on themember 67.

The inner ends of the horizontal portions of the copper rods 57 aresoldered at about pe the locality indicated at 77 to insulatedconductors 79 which in turn are attached to wires which lead to anadjustable transformer indicated conventionally at 81. By manipulatingthe transformer the temmrature of the tool may be varied.

The presser-wheel 31. which as has been stated. is also carried by theoverhanging arm 30. is freely rotatable about a pin 83 carried at thelower end of a bar 85 which is slidable in an oblique guideway formed inthe outer end of the cylindrical head 87 of a rod 89. the rod being heldin adjusted position in a split bearing formed in a part of the socketmember 60' by a pinch-screw 91 (Fig. 2). The bar 85 has a bent upperport on. and through this bent portion extends an adjusting screw 93which is threaded into the cylindrical head 87 but held from lengthwisemovement with respect to the bar 85. By turning the screw 93 the bar maybe adjusted in the guideway in the cylindrical head 87. In order to holdthe bar. and with it the presser wheel 31, in adjusted position. aset-screw 95 passes through a slot in the bar and is screwed into thehead 87. With this construction the res er wheel 31 may be adjustedtoward or from the upper feed member 15, toward or from the table. andalong the line of feed in either direction.

The upper and lower feed members 15. 17 are driven by mechanism locatedin the frame 29 of the machine. The lower feed member is caused to moveback and forth in a slot formed in the work table 13. The upper feedmember 15 has a four-motion movement. When these members are operated.the upper member descends to clamp the work to the lower member, thenthe two members move forward in unison to feed the work, then the uppermember rises to free the work, and finally the members return in u butin spaced relation ready to begin the cycle again. The lower feed member17 is fast to one end of a link 97 the other end of which is fastened toa stud 99 loosely carried by the forked upper end of an arm 101 the hubat the lower end of the a being loosely mounted on a rod 103. That endof the link 97 which carries the lower if member 17 is pivo on a stud105 carried at the upper end of a lever 107, said lever being pivo tothe frame at 109 and g at its lower end a fork which embraces a cam 111on the drive shaft 113. Rotation of the drive shaft, therefore, impartsto the lower feed member to and fro movement in the line of feed. The sof the upper feed member 15 is adjustably held by a set screw 115 in oneend of a l 117 the other end of which is pivoted about the stud 99 sothat substantially the same to and fro movement is imparted to the uprfeed member 15 in the line of feed as is imparted to the lower feedmember. In order to raise and lower the upper feed member 15 at theproper times to cause it to grip the work at the being of a feed moventand to release it at the end of the movnt, a rod 119 has at its upperend a ball which is received in a socket in the lower side of the link117 and at its lower end a mcond ball, which is received in a socket inthe upper side of a rocker arm 121, the lever 117 and rocker arm 121being connected by a tension spring 123 to hold the rod in place. Therocker arm is pivoted at one end on a rod 125 and has at its other end afork to embrace an eccentric 127 on the drive shaft 113. Theconstruction and arrangement of all these parts is such that the work isfed intermittently from right to left as viewed in Fig. 2.

The stem of the hammer 25 (see Fig. 1) is adjustably fastened by a screw129 to a lever 131, the lever being pivoted to a block 133. The blockhas threaded into it the upper end of a pin 135 which has a head at itslower end. The head of the pin is slidable in a socket or guideway 137formed in a part of an eccentric mrap 141 which surrounds a sphericaleccentric on the driving shaft 113. The pin extends up through anelongated sleeve which is rigid with the eccentric strap, andsurrounding the sleeve is a coiled spring 143 the upper end of whichbears against the block 133. In the position of parts shown in Fig. 1the hammer 25 is in raised position, the head of the pin 135 being incontact with the upper wall of the socket 137. When the eccentric strapM1 rises, its movement is tranmitted to the hammer through the spring143, and, after the hammer comes down upon the work, the spring iscompressed, so that the blow struck by the hammer is a ielding one,since the head at the lower en of the in 135. can at this time remainstationary w ile the eccentric strap 141 is moving upwardly.

'In order to record the number of revolutions of the driving shaft 113,a gear 145 on the shaft meshes with a worm gear 147,

' the overhanging arm 30 has a passageway with a tube 161 themouth oropen end of leading through it, the rear end of which communicates, whenthe arm is in the opera tive position shown, with the intake passageway157 of a suction fan 159. The forward end of the passageway is connectedwhich is in proximity to the searin tool 21.

The suction fan 159and the driving shaft 113 may be driven from anysuitable source of power such as an electric motor (not shown).

The hollow frame 29 is pivoted at 163 to abuse 165 so that the framemaybe tipped to give access to the working parts carried by it. In orderto hold the frame firmly down upon the base, a latch comprising a. shortrod 167 having threaded, upon its upper end a thumb-nut 169 is provided.The

, lower end of the rod extends into a slot in the base 165 and ispivoted on a pin 168 which is driven into the base. A collar on thethumb-nut enga es the upper face of a lug 170 formed on t e frame 29.After the nut 169 has been loosened and the rod 167 swungforwardly aboutits pivot the frame 29 may be tipped back to give access to the drivingshaft 113 and the parts connected to it. In the operation of the machinethe leather piece the edge of which will be assumed to have been skivedis pushed along the top of the table 13 until its leading end is seizedby the upper andlower feed members whereupon it is fed intermittentlypast 7 the hot tool, the plow and the hammer. The

edge of the piece rides upon the curved portion of the plow into thenarrow space between the hot tool and the plow so that an upstanding finis formed, and while this fin is more or less plastic, the hammerdescends with a wiping action upon it and bends it over the shrunkenside of the leather. The

A extent of the fin which will be formed can be controlled by adjustingthe tool 21 to ward or from the plow 19, it being noted (see Flg. 5)that a considerable portion of the plow 19 is provided with asubstantially vertical face between which and the tool is the space toreceive the fin. The farther the tool is adjusted away from the plow,the greater the extent of the fin which may be produced. The formationof a fin can be practically prevented by adjusting the tool into contactwith the vertical .face of the plow; and by leaving a very narrow spacebetween the plow and the tool a very short fin can be produced. Itshould be noted, however, that irrespective of the length of the fin orits presence the ham- 1 mer, because of its shape and the path of itstravel will operate to increase the curl 1 tion of the tool. This highportion of the tool is adjacent the curved portion of the plow 19, whichholds the work up to thee igh portion of the tool. Then, as the work isfed along, it is engaged by the remaining portion of the tool, the spacebetween the lower face of the tool and the table growing prolgressivelyless in the direction of feed. he hot tool not only shrinks the work onone side but burns it away more or less on that side; and with thisconstruction the action of the 'tool is rendered substantially uniformat all points.

The method which has been disclosed is not claimed herein but forms thesubjectmatter of a divisional application Ser. No. 571,660. 7

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and desire tosecure by Letters Patent of the United States is 1. A machine forfinishing the edge of a piece of stock having, in combination, a supportfor the stock, means for shrinking the margin of the stock on one sideto cause the edge of the stock to curl, and means for hammering thecurled edge.

2. A machine for finishing the edge of a piece of stock having, incombination, a support for the stock, means for applying heat to themargin of the stock on one side to cause the edge of the stock to curl,and means for hammering the curled edge.

3. A machine for finishing the edge of a piece of stock having, incombination, a support for the stock, means for shrinking the margin ofthe stock on one side to cause the edge of the stock to curl, and meansfor striking a" blow on the curled edge in such manner as to increasethe curl thereof.

4. A machine for finishing the edge of a piece of stock having, incombination, a support for the stock, means for applying heat to themargin of the stock on one side to cause the edge of the stock to curl,and means for striking a blow on the curled edge in such manner as toincrease the curl thereof.

menace 5. A machine for finishing the edge of a piece of leather,having, in combination, a swring tool, means for heating the tool to atemperature at which it will sear leather, means for presenting a pieceof leather with a portion of its edge in operative relation to the toolto scar and curl the edge, and means for thereafter haering the edge.

6. A machine for finishing the edge of a piece of leather, having incombination, means for applying heat sufiicient to sear or scorch alimited area of a leather piece adjacent to and at the edge thereof, andmeans for thereafter hammering the edge.

'L'A machine for finishing the edge of a piece of lwther, having incombination, a support upon which the leather rests, a scaring tool,means for heating the tool at least to redness, means for presenting theedge of the stock to the tool to curl the edge, and means for thereafterpressing the edge against the support to increase the curl thereof.

8. A machine for lrm hingthe edge of a piece of leather, t; incombination, a support for the piece, means for progressively shrinkingthe margin on one side of the piece in such manner that the margin ofthe hr at side is caused to curl toward the sh a. side, and means forprogressively hammering the curled edge.

9. A machine for finishing the'edge of a piece of stock having, incombination, a suprt over which the stock may be fed, means 31 proivelyshrinking the margin of the stock on one side to cause the edge of thestock to curl, and means for progressively hammering the curled edge.

10. A machine for finishing the edge of a piece of stock having, incombination, a support over which the stock may be fed, means forprogressively applying heat to the margin of the stock on one side tocause the edge of the stock to curl, and means for progressively haeringthe curled edge.

11. A machine for finishing the edge of a piece of stock, having incombination, a

' support over which the stock y be fed,

means for progressively shrinmng the marot the stock on one side tocause the edge of theestock to curl, and means for strig a succession ofblows on the curled e in such manner as to increase the curl therwt.

12. A machine for finishing the edge of a piece of stock, hav incombination, a sup port over which the stock may be ted, means forssively applying heat to the marof n. stock on one side to cause theedge of the stock to curl, and means for striking a succession of blowson the curled edge in such manner as to increase the curl thereof.

13. A machine for finishing the edge of a piece of stock, having incombination, a suppom for the stock, a tool for shria 12., one

side of the mar of the stock, means for teeg the stock past the tool inoperative relation thereto, a movable holder for the tool so mountedthat its weight tends to move it and the tool toward the stock, a springconstructed and arr-ad to balance the weight of the holder nd tool, and

piece of stock, having in combination, a support over which the stockmay be fed, a heated tool arranged to act upon the stock to curl theedge thereof, a haer in the gear of the tool, and means for operatingthe .2 km, in (31',

16. A mace for shing the edge of a piece of stock, having incombination, a support over which the stock. may be fed, a tool heatedto a degree suficient to sear the stock and arranged to contact with thestock at and adjacent to the edge thereof and thereby curl the ed, and amember movable in a path transverse to the line of feed and adapted toincrease the curl.

a piece of stock, having in combination, a

support for the stock, means for ting the stock intermittently along thesupport, a searing tool arranged to operate upon the margin of the stockto curl the ee there of, and means acting upon the stock during thepauses in the intermittent feed movements for increasing the curl of theedge.

18.v A machine for finishing the e of a piece ofstock, ha -1;! incombination, a support for a piece of ock, a heated tool, means forbending the mar of the stock and holding it against the tool, means forteng the stock intermittently along the support, and means for hammeringthe edge of the stock after said edge has been sub jected to the actionof the bee tool.

19. A machine for JIM! the edge of a piece of stock, having incombination, a support for the work, means for feeding the work over thesupport, a shrwJ-si tool, a plow or turning post for turning the marginof the work toward the tool, there being a space between the tool andpost to receive the fin formed by the action of the tool and post, andmeans operating upon the directly after its formation to bend it towardthe shrunken side of the work.

20. A machine for finishing the edge of a piece of stock, having incombination, a support for the work, means for at g the work over thesupport, a shrinking tool, a plow or turning post for turning the marginof the stock toward the tool, there being a space between the tool andpost to receive the fin formed by the action of the tool and post andmeans for hammering the fin to bend it toward the body of the .work.,

21. A machine for finishing the edge of a piece of stock, having incombination, a supit toward the body of the stock.

22. A machine for finishing a piece of stock, having in combination, asupport for the stock, means for feeding the stock over the support, anoverhanging arm, a presser foot and a searing tool mounted on the arm,and, a spring the tension of which controls the posltion of the arm withrespect to the support.

23. A machine for finishing the edge of a piece of stock, having incombination, a sup port for the stock, means including upper and lowergripping members for feeding the stock intermittently over the support,a heated tool, a plow or turning post adapted to bend the margin of thestock toward the tool, a hammer located between the plow and the upperfeed member, and means for operating the feed members and the hammer.

24. A machine for finishin the edge of a piece of stock, having in comination, a support for the stock, means for feeding'the stockintermittently over the support, means for shrinking the margin of thestock on one side to cause the margin of the other side to curl towardthe shrunken side, and means for ressing the edge to increase the curlthereo? Y 25. A machine for finishing the edge of a piece of stockhaving in combination, a support for the stock, a tool heated to ascarmg temperature and adapted to shrink the margin of the stock on oneside to cause the edge of the stock to curl, a hammer, and means forcausing the hammer to strike the curled edge of'the stock, while it isstill more or less plastic from the efiect of the heat, in such manneras to increase the curl thereof.

26. A machine for finishing the edge of a wee of work having, incombination, means or applying heat to the work in such manner as tocause an upstandin fin to be formed in the edge thereof, and means forbending the fin over toward the body of the work'on the side to whichheat was applied.

menace 27. A machine for finishing the edge of a piece of work, havingin combinat1on ,a support for the work, means for feedln the work overthe support, means for app ymg heat to the work in such manner as tocause an upstanding fin to be formed on the edge thereof, and means forbending the fin over toward the body of the work on the side to whichheat was applied.

28; A machine for finishing the edge of a piece of work, having incombination, a support for the work, a shrinking tool, a plow spacedfrom the tool, means for feeding the work over the support in suchmanner that a fin is formed on the edge thereof and caused to extendinto the space, and means 0 crating upon the fin to bend it toward the srunken side of the work.

29. A machine for finishin the edge of a piece of work, having in comination, a support for the W0rk,a shrinkin tool, a plow spaced from thetool, means or feeding the manner that a fin is formed on the edgethereof and caused to extend into the space, and means operatingintermittently upon the fin to bend it toward the shrunken side of thework.

30. Amachine for finishing the edge of a piece of work, having. incombination, a support for the work, a shrinking tool, a plow spacedfrom the tool, means for feeding the work over the support in suchmanner that a fin is formed on the edge thereof by the action of thetool and plow in the space between the two, means for operating upon thefin after it has passed the plow for bending it toward the shrunkensideof the work, and means whereby the space between the tool and plowmay be varied to vary the extent of the fin produced.

- 31. A machine for finishing the edge of a piece of work, having incombination, a support for the work, a shrinking tool, a

work-intermittently over the support in such i plow spaced from thetool, means for feedspace between the two,\ means for operating upon thefin after it has passed the plow for hammering it toward the shrunkenside of the work, and means whereby the space between the tool and plowmay be varied to vary the extent of the fin produced.

32.'A machine for finishing the edge of a piece of stock having, incombination, a sup port for the stock, means for feeding the stock alongthe support, a searing tool'adapted toshrink the margin of the stock onone side to cause the edge of the stock to curl, a hammer, and means forcausing the hammer to strike the edgemf the stock during the pauses inthe intermittent feed movements in operative face of which is inclineddown wardly toward the support in the direction of the feed movement ofthe Work so that the Work encounters the high portion of the tool first,a turning post having a plow-shaped portion adjacent the high portion ofthe tool and a substantially vertical face adjacent the remainingportion of the tool, a hammer located to engage the edge of the Work inthe rear of the tool, and means for operating the hammer.

34. A machine for finishing the edge of a piece of upper leather having,in combination, a support for the piece, means for shrinking the marginof the piece on one side to cause the edge to curl, a movable memberarranged to contact with the edge of the piece and increase the curlthereof, and means for operating said member.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification.

JOSEPH FOSSA.

